Arjuna had earlier fought and won a war on behalf of the Devas against the Asuras. Pleased with his valour, Devendra (Indra) gifted him the divine chariot. This same Ratha was later used by Arjuna in the Kurukshetra war, with Bhagawan Krishna as the charioteer.

In the Kaṭhopaniṣad, a beautiful metaphor 'Ratha Kalpanā' is used to explain the importance of intellect controlling the senses. In this metaphor, the horses represent the Pancha Indriyas (sense organs).

The word Mādhava is derived from Mā, which refers to Lakṣmī, the goddess of wealth and prosperity. Mādhava therefore means the consort of Lakṣmī, signifying Bhagavan Krishna as the source and support of all auspiciousness, abundance, and well-being.

The name Hṛṣīkeśa comes from hṛṣīka (sense organs, including the mind) and īśa (one who governs or presides over)- None other than Bhagawan Krishna

Krishna’s conch is named Pāñcajanya. It is so called because Krishna defeated the demon Pañcajanāsura and obtained the conch from him.

Arjuna’s conch is called Devadatta, which means “given by the divine.”

Bhīma is called वृकोदरः (Vṛkodaraḥ), which literally means “one with the stomach of a wolf.”
Though he ate large quantities of food, his stomach remained flat and powerful like that of a wolf, symbolizing immense strength and digestion.

Yudhiṣṭhira – Anantavijaya, Nakula – Sughoṣa, Sahadeva – Maṇipuṣpaka

The name Yudhiṣṭhira comes from yuddha (battle) and sthira (steady). It signifies one who remains firm in dharma even amidst conflict. His conch Anantavijaya symbolizes endless victory rooted in righteousness.

The term धार्तराष्ट्र (Dhārtarāṣṭra) literally means “descendants of Dhṛtarāṣṭra.”

Arjuna had the Kapi-dhvaja, the flag bearing Hanumān, on his chariot. Arjuna had earlier sought a boon from Hanumān requesting Him to be with him during war, which Hanumān had granted.